Station Name: CARMARTHEN 2nd site
Station still open but included for completeness

[Source: Nick Catford]


Date opened: 1.7.1902
Location: South side of station approach
Company on opening: Great Western Railway
Date closed to passengers: Still open
Date closed completely: Still open
Company on closing: Still open
Present state: Still open
County: Carmarthenshire
OS Grid Ref: SN413197
Date of visit: Not visited

Notes: Carmarthen station is situated south of the River Towy on the south edge of the town. It is located on the West Wales Line and is managed by Arriva Trains Wales, who operate most of the passenger trains serving it.

The present station opened on 1 July 1902 although the South Wales Railway's main line from  Swansea to Neyland reached it some fifty years earlier. This original station was built with westward expansion in mind (being located at the base of the triangular junction half-a-mile south of the present station) and was poorly sited for the town itself.

A second station was opened by the Carmarthen & Cardigan Railway on 31 December 1860 on its route northwards towards Conwil and Pencader. It was much better sited to serve the town (on the opposite side of the river) and remained in use until it was replaced with the current station. The earlier station remained open for goods traffic until the early 1980s

As built, Carmarthen station had two facing platforms with a through line between the platforms, and a bay at the north end of the down platforms used by terminating trains. The platform on the east side was later converted to an island. There was also a bay at the south end of the down platform, but it is unlikely that this was used by passenger trains. The main
station  building was on the down side, and was, in many respects, typical of those constructed at that time by the GWR. It was single-storey and of brick construction, with stone window hoods and cills. The lengthy building had three hipped slate roof sections, at the north and south ends and in the centre, connected by two ridge-roofed sections. There were tall chimney stacks, removed by the end of the 1980s.  A canopy ran the full length of the building on the platform elevation. A smaller building, also with a canopy, was sited on the up platform. The platforms were spanned by a covered footbridge at the north end of the buildings. There was a signal box on the up side 100yd north of the station.

There were a number of sidings to the south of the station on the up side; one of these had a turntable at its end. A standard Churchward six-road engine shed with a large workshop opened here on 11 February 1907 replacing an earlier depot at Carmarthen Junction. In BR days it was designated 87G; it closed on 13 April 1964.

Trains running north from Carmarthen once served Newcastle Emlyn, Aberayron and Aberystwyth with a connecting line to the Heart of Wales line at Llandeilo. Today, none of the lines to the north survive and, with the removal of the bridge over the River Towy to the north of the station in 1983, Carmarthen is now a terminus at the end of short spur from the main line at which all trains have to reverse before continuing their journeys. This was not so much of a problem with DMUs but led to the need for a run-round of locomotive-hauled trains which were regularly used until the mid 1980s.

Today only the two facing platforms are normally in use, numbered 1 and 2. The east side of the island platform is still used as a bay, the connection to the up line having been severed. The footbridge has been removed, with passengers reaching platform 2 via a barrow crossing at the north end of the station. The down platform still retains its building and a
replacement canopy. There are still good facilities in the station building including the booking office, waiting room, coffee shop, toilets and a BT police office. The down platform building has, however, been demolished and replaced with a bus shelter. The through line has been lifted and local crew rooms built on the infilled bay line.

To the east, Arriva Trains Wales operates services to Swansea, Cardiff Central, Manchester Piccadilly and Holyhead. First Great Western currently operates one service to and from Carmarthen to London Paddington. Most of the local train services west of Carmarthen are timed to connect with the London Paddington services at either Swansea or Cardiff Central.

To the west, Arriva Trains Wales operate services to Pembroke Dock, Milford Haven and Fishguard Harbour. Carmarthen is the eastern terminus for a few of these services.

Some of the Arriva Trains Wales boat trains to and from Fishguard Harbour serve the station. These connect with the Stena Line ferry to Rosslare Europort in Ireland, with a daily morning and evening service in both directions. This route has been in existence since 1906.

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CARMARTHEN & CARDIGAN RAILWAY
In 1845 there was a proposal to build a branch line from Carmarthen to Cardigan at the mouth of the River Taf as part of the planned Great North and South Wales & Worcester Railway; nothing came of this scheme. The South Wales Railway opened its broad gauge line from Chepstow to Swansea in 1850, extending to Carmarthen in 1852 with the intention of eventually reaching Neyland.

The Carmarthen & Cardigan Railway Company was formed in 1854 to promote a broad gauge railway from a junction with the SWR at Carmarthen. Initially the line would terminate at Newcastle Emlyn, a distance of 26¾ miles, later to be extended 12 miles to Cardigan where the company intended to build a deep-water port.

The Carmarthen & Cardigan Railway was incorporated by an Act of 1 July 1854 to build the line between Carmarthen and Newcastle Emlyn. There was authorised capital of £300,000 with powers to borrow a further £80,000. City of London-based contractor John Jay was employed to build the line. Jay's previous railway contracts included Stoke-on-Trent railway station, and a section of the Great Northern Railway north of King's Cross together with King's Cross goods station and passenger terminus; these were all built around 1850.

The line was to be constructed in two stages, with the first 18-mile section linking Carmarthen and LLandyssil. Work started a mile south of Carmarthen following the ‘turning of the first sod’ in March 1857; a junction was made with the South Wales Railway at Myrtle Hill. The main engineering obstacles facing engineer Joseph Cubitt were the construction of a
crossing over the River Towy at Carmarthen and the excavation of a tunnel between the valleys of Skanda Vale and Dolgran, under the Brechfa Forest south-west of Pencader.

During construction in 1859, the C & CR attempted to switch from broad gauge to standard gauge, which would have meant that all railway infrastructure could be built to smaller (and thus cheaper) dimensions. Such a change would require the approval of Parliament, and pressure was put on the company by the South Wales Railway which did not want the rival standard gauge making an incursion on its territory; a Bill authorising this change of gauge was never put before Parliament.

The first mile to a terminus at Carmarthen opened on 1 March 1860 after which progress north was rapid, with Conwil station opening on 3 September 1860.  At this time, the C & CR owned no rolling stock so they had to rely on the SWR to provide the service. This created tension between the two companies owing to excessive charges being levied and, as a result, the service was suspended on 31 December 1860. The company then hired two 4-4-0 tank engines and reopened the line with its own rolling stock on 15 August 1861. In October 1861 Bronwydd Arms, a new station between Carmarthen and Conwil, first appeared in company timetables.   
 
Progress north now slowed owing to problems during the construction of the 895yd Pencader tunnel (also known locally as Alltwalis Tunnel and Dolgran Tunnel). The digging required two construction shafts which could then be used for ventilation. Construction started in the spring of 1857, and digging initially proceeded from four sites - at either end and from the bottom of
both ventilation shafts. Work was expected to be completed by December 1860/January 1861.

The tunnel was 'finished' in March 1861 although, at that time, it was exposed rock without a brick lining and required further work to complete it. The long approach cuttings were also unfinished. During construction of the tunnel, many of the horses used to haul away excavated rock died from disease and were buried in the field surrounding the northern of the two shafts. The same field also has grassed-over rubble remaining from cottages built by the construction navvies. Much of the spoil excavated was used to build embankments north and south of the tunnel, but large spoil heaps can still be seen on the hillsides around both ventilation shafts.

Further delays were caused by the original contractor, John Jay, abandoning the construction of the line in autumn 1861. By November, however, another contractor, Holdens, took over the construction.  Work was then focused on finishing several miles of railway either side of the tunnel and, although easy to the north, to the south heavy engineering of cuttings and embankments slowed progress.

The 12-mile extension to Cardigan was authorized by an Act of 1 July 1863 but it was never built.

Track is known to have been laid through Pencader Tunnel at some point prior to December 1863. An official Board of Trade inspection was carried out in January 1864, and the tunnel opened with the rest of the Llanpumpsaint-Pencader section on 28 March 1864. At that time the tunnel was still unlined, and a watchman was employed to inspect it for any rock falls until it was eventually lined with brick some years later.

The line reached Llandyssil, a further 3½ miles, on 3 June 1864 with a service of four trains in each direction, taking approximately 70 minutes between Carmarthen Town and Llandyssil. Most trains started or completed their journeys at Carmarthen Junction station.

By now the high cost of construction, especially Pencader Tunnel and the purchase of two tank engines from Rothwell & Co, had drained the company’s resources and it was forced into bankruptcy. A Receiver was appointed to run the railway without any interruption to the service. 
The tank engines were sold but were leased back to the Receiver.

In 1860 the Manchester & Milford Railway received Royal Assent to build a line from the C & CR at Pencader to Llanidloes. In 1861 a route was proposed north, mainly along the east side of the River Teifi valley from Pencader to Devil’s Bridge. There, a junction station would be constructed, with the main line proceeding to Llanidloes, and a branch line to Aberystwyth.

By late 1864 the proposed route had changed, moving west from the original plan. This would result in both a shorter route to Llanidloes, and relocating the junction station from Devil’s Bridge to a new junction station near Ystrad Meurig. Parliamentary approval for the new route, to be built to standard gauge, was received in 1865

Work on the southern section of the line progressed rapidly, and the line from Pencader to Lampeter was opened on 1 January 1866. The M & MR made a junction with the C & CR half-a-mile north of Pencader. However, because of the gauge difference the two lines didn't actually join, and a new interchange station called Pencader Junction was
opened with the new line. The next section from Lampeter to Strata Florida was completed by 1 September 1866, and the final section to Aberystwyth by August 1867.

The South Wales Railway had been taken over by the GWR in 1862. By that time broad gauge was in decline and, in order to allow through running between the C & CR and the newly opened M & MR, the 13¾ miles from Abergwili Junction to Pencader Junction were altered to mixed gauge on 1 November 1866. The M & MR was given running rights into Carmarthen, but its trains were not permitted to call at intermediate stations.  The C & CR directors regained control of their line in 1867. The remainder of the line to Llandyssil was converted to standard gauge on 1 June 1872, and all broad gauge running ceased from that date.

In September 1869 the C & CR formed a new company for extending the line to Newcastle Emlyn and eventually on to Cardigan, but the proposed extension failed to get sufficient local support. An approach was made to the London & North Western Railway to buy the line and build the extension to Newcastle Emlyn, but nothing came of this.

In 1881, a Bill was put before Parliament authorising the C & CR to extend its line to Newcastle Emlyn, reduce the number of directors, and sell or lease its undertaking. On 4 March 1881 an Agreement leasing the C & CR to the GWR was approved by the House of Lords. Under GWR control the service was reduced to three down trains between Carmarthen and
Llandyssil, but still four up trains The M & MR timetable of the same date showed three through trains in each direction between Carmarthen and Aberystwyth, with an extra morning service in each direction between Carmarthen and Lampeter. On 1 July 1882 the  C & CR was absorbed into the GWR.

All the necessary land for the extension was purchased by April 1885 but the GWR, who had been reluctant to build the line, ensured that work progressed as slowly as possible, taking over ten years to reach Newcastle Emlyn. The extension finally opened on 1 July 1895 with one intermediate station at Henllan. The long-awaited railway was given a riotous reception by the townspeople and traders of Newcastle Emlyn. The opening train was decorated with flags and flowers, and in the afternoon about two thousand people sat down to tea in the New Market House. In the evening a grand banquet was held in the Emlyn Arms Hotel.

A further extension to Cardigan was now ruled out, largely because of opposition to the intrusion of the line into an area of natural beauty that had become a popular tourist attraction. Consequently the GWR had to make do with a motor bus service from Newcastle Emlyn to Cardigan. A second intermediate station called Pentrecourt Platform opened on 1 February 1912.

The timetable for 1902 showed a daily service of four trains in each direction between Carmarthen and Newcastle Emlyn. On Saturdays there were two extra trains to Llandyssil only. There was no Sunday service. The M & M timetable for the same date shows four trains between Pencader and Aberystwyth, with three in the opposite direction. There was an early morning
Saturdays-only train between Lampeter and Pencader, to connect with the morning Newcastle Emlyn to Carmarthen service.

The Manchester & Milford Railway was leased by the Great Western in 1906 and absorbed in 1911. Carmarthen to Aberystwyth then became the main line, with the Pencader- Newcastle Emlyn line operated as a branch. The GWR opened a branch from Lampeter to Aberayron on 12 May 1911.

The Newcastle Emlyn branch was never busy, but the new 'main line' thrived by serving the local farming and wool industries though, in the years following the First World War, this traffic gradually declined as local bus services were introduced. Between the wars the GWR provided camping coaches at several stations. The route earned a reputation as a meandering rural branch where trains trundled along, often flagged down by market-bound farmers' wives making their way across the fields to board the carriages. In fact, nearly three hours were permitted for the 56-mile journey between Carmarthen and Aberystwyth.

The Second World War brought a new lease of life as a relief route providing a vital link for northbound traffic, with regular movements of heavy munitions to Chester. After the war the line settled back to a quieter existence.

With the ever-increasing popularity of the car, especially after WW2, the Teifi Valley lines clearly had no future under a nationalised British Railways. The Aberayron branch was the first to lose its passenger service from 2 February 1951. Passenger services lasted a little longer on the Pencader-Newcastle Emlyn branch, with the last train running on 13 September 1952. The main line enjoyed a brief resurgence in the 1950s when the Royal Train traversed the route, and other new traffic included Butlins through-specials taking holidaymakers to the new camp at Pwllheli.

By the end of the fifties, there were three weekday trains each way (four on Saturdays) with a journey time of around 2½ hours with 16 timetabled stops and another 5 request stops. Declining passenger figures meant that the Beeching Axe was inevitable; in the end, however, it was nature that struck the first blow. Heavy flooding severed the line six miles from Aberystwyth in
December 1964, in the same weekend that storms caused the Ruabon to Barmouth Line to suffer a similar washout. The last passenger train ran along the truncated route south of Strata Florida on 22 February 1965; inexplicably the BR network map dated 1965 showed Pencarreg, rather than Strata Florida, as the temporary northern terminus. The line remained open for freight using Hymek locomotives until around 1970, then by Class 37 locomotives. Despite closure to passengers, the branch lines also remained open for freight traffic. Withdrawal of freight facilities at individual stations started in December 1963. By 1965 freight-handling had ceased at all stations except Lampeter and Newcastle Emlyn, which then became railheads.

Scheduled for complete closure at the end of 1972, the Newcastle Emlyn branch received a number of reprieves. The Teifi Valley Railway Preservation Society was formed in October 1972 with the intention of purchasing the Carmarthen-Newcastle Emlyn section for the operation of a steam-hauled tourist passenger service. Special excursion trains were chartered from British Rail giving hundreds of people their first opportunity of travelling on the line and seeing for themselves the outstanding countryside through which it passed.

Negotiations were opened with British Rail for the purchase of both land and track, and a stay of execution was obtained on the lifting of the line. However, the enthusiasts were faced with two insurmountable problems. Month by month the price of the track increased, frequently by tens of thousands of pounds, only to be aggravated by a serious shortage of steel, which put railway track at a premium. The second problem was the lack of local interest and support. Although offers of help poured in from all over the country, local working parties rarely attracted more than a dozen-or-so people, from a total membership of 200. 

The end came in 1973 for both the Newcastle Emlyn branch and the main line from Carmarthen to Lampeter with the end of the milk traffic. The last passenger train over both lines was the RCTS Farewell to the Teifi Valley Milk Branches railtour on 30 December 1972.

The freight that kept the main line open was dominated by milk traffic between Carmarthen and Lampeter, where trains were routed to the last remaining part of the main line to Aberystwyth as far as the creamery at Pont Llanio near Llanddewi-Brefi which survived until 1970; they also used the Aberayron branch as far as the creamery at Green Grove near Felin Fach, which
remained in service until discontinued by British Rail in 1973; this resulted in the final closure of the line. Track was left in place until the summer of 1975.

Two years after its closure, the Gwili Railway Preservation Company was formed with the ambition to preserve at least eight miles of track of the former route, from Abergwili Junction along the Gwili Valley to the station site at Llanpumpsaint.

Track-lifting had already started by the time of the formation of the new company and, as a result, only a mile of track north of Bronwydd Arms was left in situ. The Company was, however, able to acquire the full eight-mile stretch of trackbed from Abergwili Junction to Llanpumpsaint for both rebuilding and preserving. Over time the railway has extended the operational length from one mile to 2½ miles, with its current northern terminus at Danycoed.

The society is currently focusing its attention on a southward extension towards a proposed Carmarthen North station. Since the preservation society owns the trackbed as far as Abergwili Junction, two miles south of Bronwydd Arms, a new station can be constructed alongside the new Carmarthen eastern bypass. This will, hopefully, greatly improve visibility of the railway to passing traffic on this busy road compared to the less conspicuously sited Bronwydd Arms station. Once the southern extension of the Gwili Railway is complete, it will increase the length of the route to around 4½ miles.

Reconnection with Carmarthen railway station is currently impossible as the bridge that once carried the line over the River Towy was demolished in 1983.

Although attempts to preserve a standard-gauge line to Newcastle Emlyn were not successful, a restoration project eventually got under way in 1981 when a group of enthusiasts bought part of the trackbed at Henllan.  In 1983, with the help of funding and labour from the Manpower Services Commission, they laid a 2ft-gauge track from Henllan to Pontprenshitw, where passengers
were invited to take a short walk to admire the waterfall under the railway bridge.

In 1987 the Teifi Valley Railway was extended as far as Llandyfriog and, since 2006, has been further extended to the current end of the line at Llandyfriog Riverside. During spring 2009 work proceeded to re-site Henllan station to its original location on the opposite side of the road. This new platform was brought into use in July 2009.

Tickets from Michael Stewart, Bradshaws from Chris Totty & Nick Catford, Route map drawn by Alan Young

Sources:

See other stations on the Carmarthen & Cardigan Railway: Carmarthen Junction, Carmarthen 1st, Bronwydd Arms, Conwil, Llanpumpsaint, Pencader, Pencader Junction, Llandyssul, Pentrecourt Platform, Henllan & Newcastle Emlyn


Carmarthen station looking north-east before September 1907. A passenger train stands in the bay on the right; this later became a through line. The signal box in the background is on the far side of the Pensarn Road bridge.
Copyright photo from John Alsop collection


1906 1:2,500 OS map. A bay platform is seen at the north end of the station on the down side with another bay at the south end on the up side. This line was later extended to form a loop, with the up platform becoming an island. Carmarthen signal box is seen in the top right corner. Numerous sidings and a turntable are seen to the south of the station, a standard Churchward six-road engine shed with a large workshop, opened here on 11 February 1907 replacing an earlier depot at Carmarthen Junction.

Looking north-east from Carmarthen station footbridge in 1911.
Copyright photo from John Alsop collection

Carmarthen station looking north-east from the south end of the up platform in 1936. The siding on the left was probably never used by passenger trains.
Photo from John Mann collection

Carmarthen station looking south-west from the outer face of the island platform in the 1950s. Carmarthen shed (87G) and workshops are seen on the left. The shed was opened on 11 February 1907, replacing the earlier shed at Carmarthen Junction.
Photo from John Mann collection

A stopping train from Swansea waits at Platform 2 at Carmarthen station in July 1958. This platform is now No. 1 as the bay platform is out of use. 5938 entered service in July 1933 after being built at Swindon Works by the GWR. A Collett-designed Hall class named 'Stanley Hall', it passed to British Railways at nationalisation and was finally withdrawn in May 1963 and scrapped at Wolverhampton works in September of the same year.
A stopping train for Milford Haven waits in Carmarthen station in July 1958. 7804 was built to a C.B. Collett design in February 1938 and was named 'Baydon Manor' after the early nineteenth century building of the same name in Ramsbury, Wiltshire. A product of GWR’s Swindon works, it had a service life of well over 27 years when it was withdrawn from 86E, Severn Tunnel Junction shed, in September 1965 and scrapped at Cashmores of Newport three months later.
Photo by Ben Brooksbank

The 11.35am passenger service to Llandeilo leaves Carmarthen station in August 1962. This loco was built at Swindon works in October 1948 to a design by C.B.Collett. An 0-6-0, 57xx Pannier tank, it spent all of its working life of 16 years in Wales, when it was withdrawn from 87F, Llanelly Shed in April 1965 to be scrapped at Birds, Bynea, in August that year. A class of 50 locos, 7439 was the last to be withdrawn and none is preserved
Photo by Gerald T Robinson from his Flickr photostream

Castle Class 4-6-0 5087 'Tintern Abbey' at Carmarthen station with the up 'Capitals United Express' in August 1962.
Photo by Gerald T Robinson from his Flickr photostream

The bridge over the River Towy to the North of Carmarthen station in 1971. Carmarthen signal box can be seen in the distance. The bridge was demolished in 1983, which means that the Gwili Steam Railway can never rejoin the national network at Carmarthen.
Copyright photo by David Spaven

Carmarthen station looking south-west in July 1989; the station is now a terminus. An inter-city service waits in platform 1 with a local service in platform 2. The building on platform 2 has been demolished as has the footbridge. Passengers now have to use the old barrow crossing at the north end of the station from where this picture was taken. The huts on the right stand on the infilled bay line. The main station building on platform 1 still stands although the canopy has been replaced.
P
hoto by Alan Young

The ‘Southern Irishman’ railtour at Carmarthen station. Departing Birmingham International at 06.05, 71000 came on at Newport departing at 08.54 for Fishguard Harbour. This tour reversed at Carmarthen and was diesel-hauled with the ‘Duke’ on the back to Fishguard, reversing again there for steam haulage back to Newport. 71000 itself was built to an R.A. Riddles design in May 1954. A prototype loco, it was withdrawn from Crewe North shed, where it spent nearly all its life, in November 1962. After seven years at Woodham Brother's scrap yard at Barry, South Wales it was bought for preservation in 1972 and was taken to Loughborough to begin a pioneering 16 year restoration programme.
Photo from Wikipedia, reproduced under creative commons licence

Looking south-west towards Carmarthen station in September 2011. The head-shunt is all that remains of the lines which came in to the north of the station from Newcastle Emlyn, Llandeilo.
P
hoto by Les Fifoot


The site of the bridge over the River Towy in March 2012. looking south-west towards the first Carmarthen station (which is seen to the right of the building with the white roof). Compare this with the 1971 picture, above, which was taken from the opposite bank.
Photo by Mark Bartlett

Click here for more pictures of Carmarthen station



 

 

 

[Source: Nick Catford]




Last updated: Wednesday, 17-May-2017 09:06:19 CEST
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